Ever wonder why Elizabeth Taylor had such compelling eyes? It turns out that she probably carried a mutation for doubled eyelashes, also known as distichiasis.[article]
This article explains the genetic mutation that causes double lashes. Learn how to check your genetic data to see if you carry the mutation – and how this mutation can also lead to lymphedema and heart failure.
Distichiasis: Double Eyelashes
Being born with double eyelashes is caused by a mutation in the FOXC2 gene.
The FOX (forkhead box) family of genes codes for a type of protein known as a transcription factor. This type of protein turns on and off genes during development as well as during cellular replication. Some of the FOX genes are important for longevity.
The FOXC2 gene turns genes on and off during prenatal development.
Specifically, the kidneys’ development and the heart’s early development utilize FOXC2. It is particularly important for the development of the valves in the lymphatic system.[ref][ref]
So what do lymphatic valves and heart development have to do with double eyelashes?
The mutation in the FOXC2 gene causes a double row of lashes to form during the baby’s development. It turns on excess transcription for eyelash development.
This mutation can also cause droopy eyelids and yellowish nails.
Additionally, the FOXC2 mutation causes a predisposition to lymphedema (swelling of the arms and legs) and an increased risk of congestive heart failure.[ref]
Sadly, the poster child of double lashes, Elizabeth Taylor, died of congestive heart failure.
Related article: Longevity genes and FOXO3A
How rare is a double set of eyelashes?
The FOXC2 mutations are rare enough that the mutations are not found in large genetic samples of most population groups. For most mutations, an allele frequency is calculated in different populations, but this information isn’t available for the FOXC2 mutations. The raredisease.org website also states that the prevalence of lymphedema-distichiasis is unknown.[ref]
Note that people can have thick eyelashes without having a double row of lashes.
Double Lashes Genotype Report:
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FOXC2 gene:
Check your genetic data for rs121909106 (23andme i5002816 v4; AncestryDNA):
- C/C: typical
- C/T: double lash mutation[ref]; increased risk of lymphedema
Members: Your genotype for rs121909106 is — or for i5002816 is —.
Check your genetic data for rs121909107 (AncestryDNA only):
Members: Your genotype for rs121909107 is —.
What about more common variants?
A common variant in the FOXC2 gene doesn’t give you double lashes but is linked to lymphatic drainage and varicose veins.
Lifehacks:
Double lashes? Talk with your cardiologist.
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