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image showing power lifters who were likely to have the ACTN3 functional polymorphism

ACTN3 Gene: Deficiency and Muscle Type

The ACTN3 gene codes for actinin alpha-3, a protein found in fast-twitch muscles. Some people don’t produce this protein, which changes the composition of their muscles. Elite athletes may be limited by this genetic change.

Heat Shock Proteins

Heat Shock Proteins: Cellular Resilience

Heat shock proteins are activated by cells in response to a stressful condition, such as exposure to high heat. Learn more about the essentials of heat shock proteins, including how to activate them and the genetic variants that impact how well they work.