Adiponectin, discovered in the 1990s, is a hormone secreted by adipose (fat) tissue. As an anti-inflammatory protein, it protects against the effects of low-grade inflammation associated with obesity.
Although production occurs in adipose tissue, those with more fat tissue usually have lower adiponectin levels. Lower adiponectin levels (and thus high inflammation) have links to chronic issues associated with obesity.[ref]
Additionally, low levels of adiponectin have links to insulin resistance, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.[ref]
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Some polymorphisms increase adiponectin levels, leading to a lower risk of insulin resistance, and some polymorphisms decrease adiponectin levels which leads to a higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. Diet and ethnicity also seem to play a role in how these polymorphisms affect a person.
Check your genetic data for rs17300539 (23andMe v4, v5):
- A/A: lower weight, BMI; and higher adiponectin levels; benefits from a monounsaturated fat diet and MUFA > 13% cuts risk of obesity in half[ref][ref]
- A/G: somewhat higher adiponectin levels
- G/G: most common genotype
Members: Your genotype for rs17300539 is —.
Check your genetic data for rs1501299 (23andMe v4, v5):
- T/T: higher adiponectin levels in some populations[ref] and lower adiponectin levels in other populations[ref][ref], may be related to the amount of fiber in the diet (see below), increased adiponectin signaling, protective against heart disease[ref]
- C/T: higher adiponectin in some populations (with low fiber diet)
- G/G: lower adiponectin levels in most populations, higher adiponectin levels compared to T carriers when eating a low fiber diet[ref], increased risk of endometrial cancer[ref] breast cancer, which is associated with low adiponectin signaling[ref]
Members: Your genotype for rs1501299 is —.
Check your genetic data for rs266729 (23andMe v4, v5):
- C/C: lower adiponectin levels[ref][ref][ref] (most common genotype)
- C/G: typical levels
- G/G: Caucasian men with G/G (23andMe orientation, more common alleles), switching from a saturated fat-rich diet to either a carbohydrate-rich diet or a monounsaturated fat-rich diet caused plasma glucose concentrations to decrease.[ref]
Members: Your genotype for rs266729 is —.
Check your genetic data for rs2241766 (23andMe v4, v5):
- G/G: higher risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian populations[ref]
- G/T: higher risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian populations
- T/T: typical
Members: Your genotype for rs2241766 is —.
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