Find out how YOUR genes interact with supplements.
Understanding your genetic variants (SNPs):
- Can help you narrow down the supplements more likely to work for YOU.
- Helps sort out the supplements that aren’t likely to have a large benefit.
- Give you a heads up about supplements likely to cause you side effects.
Just an overview…
Be sure to click through to the full article for supplements you’re interested in. The full article includes clinical trials, safety data, quality testing of supplement brands, and full references.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for medical advice or to discuss medication interactions with any supplement.
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Ashwagandha, Luteolin, Curcumin, Berberine, Quercetin, Hesperidin, Nattokinase, CoQ10, Nicotinamide Riboside, Creatine
Ashwagandha comes from an evergreen shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine. It is used to help the body manage stress, anxiety, brain fog, and fatigue by acting as an adaptogen to balance the stress hormone cortisol.
Full article on ashwagandha research studies.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Stress and anxiety relief – Muscle gains, increase T – Subclinical hypothyroidism – Cognitive function, focus, mood – Improved sleep quality – Sexual function (women) |
– Individuals with HPA axis/cortisol dysfunction – High anxiety/stress with certain genotypes – Men seeking to boost testosterone levels |
– People with BChE mutations (possible nightshade-family issues) |
Ashwagandha may be beneficial for these highlighted variants:
Article: Cortisol and HPA axis dysfunction:
Research shows ashwagandha effectively regulates cortisol levels in people with HPA axis dysfunction. Genetic variants can increase susceptibility to issues with the HPA (hypothalamus – pituitary – adrenal) axis, including altered cortisol rhythm. (Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NR3C1 | rs6189 | — | typicalglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistanceglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistance possibly lower cardiovascular risk | T | 0.02 |
| NR3C1 | rs6190 | — | typicalglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistanceglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistance | T | 0.022 |
| NR3C1 | rs6198 | — | typicalglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistanceglucocorticoid (cortisol) resistance | C | 0.16 |
| NR3C1 | rs56149945 | — | typicalincreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids, increased risk of obesity, hypertensionincreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids increased risk of obesity, hypertension | C | 0.02 |
| NR3C1 | rs41423247 | — | typicaltypicalhypersensitivity to glucocorticoids (cortisol) | C | 0.33 |
| NR3C1 | rs6191 | — | typicaltypical risk of depressionincreased risk of depression, increased resistance to glucocorticoids (cortisol) | A | 0.37 |
| NR3C1 | rs10052957 | — | typicaltypicalhigher evening and total cortisol, increased risk of depression | A | 0.3 |
| NR3C2 | rs5522 | — | typicalhigher plasma cortisol, depression in the elderly, increased reactivity to adversity (in children)higher plasma cortisol, depression in the elderly, increased reactivity to adversity (in children) | C | 0.11 |
| CRHR1 | rs110402 | — | typical, decreased risk of MDD in non-smokersslightly increased risk of depression in childhood traumaelevated cortisol in people exposed to childhood trauma | G | 0.55 |
| CRHR1 | rs242924 | — | typicalslightly increased risk of depression in childhood traumaelevated cortisol in people exposed to childhood trauma | G | 0.54 |
| CRHR1 | rs242941 | — | typicala minor increase in the risk of depressiona minor increase in depression risk | A | 0.34 |
| CRHR1 | rs242939 | — | typicala minor increase in the risk of depressionincreased risk of depression | C | 0.07 |
| FKBP5 | rs1360780 | — | typicalincreased risk for depression ‚ better response to antidepressants.increased risk for depression, incomplete cortisol recovery, and increased anxiety after psychosocial stress | T | 0.31 |
| FKBP5 | rs3800373 | — | typicalslightly increased risk of MDD(major depressive disorder)slightly increased risk of MDD | C | 0.28 |
| MC2R | rs1941088 | — | typicaltypicallow cortisol response | A | 0.36 |
| MC2R | rs28940892 | — | typicalcarrier of a pathogenic allele for ACTH resistanceACTH resistance | C | 0.00003 |
| SERPINA6 | rs11621961 | — | typical cortisol binding globulinsomewhat less cortisol binding globulin, less plasma cortisolless cortisol binding globulin, less plasma cortisol | T | 0.34 |
| SERPINA6 | rs941601 | — | typicalmore musculoskeletal pain thought to be due to blunted cortisol responsemore musculoskeletal pain thought to be due to blunted cortisol response | T | 0.14 |
Article: Genetics and Anxiety:
Ashwagandha has many studies on it showing that it may help with anxiety if it is due to stress and high cortisol. One study tested 300 mg, 2x a day vs. placebo. After 8 weeks, cortisol was reduced by an average of 22%, which is significant.[ref] (Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADORA2A | rs5751876 | — | typicalmost common genotypeincreased risk of panic disorder increased anxiety with caffeine consumption (150mg) and with amphetamines | T | 0.42 |
| OXTR | rs53576 | — | more empathetic; increased separation anxiety (both adult and child) risk when coupled with GNB3 rs5443 – T allele, less stress (cortisol response) if receiving social support higher adult separation anxiety in depressed patients.; altered cortisol levels and altered blood pressure with social rejectionless empathetic, less sensitive to social rejection (more resilient)less empathetic, less sensitive to social rejection (more resilient) | A | 0.32 |
| GNB3 | rs5443 | — | typicalincreased separation anxiety (both adult and child) risk when coupled with OXTR G/G genotype (above)increased separation anxiety (both adult and child) risk when coupled with OXTR G/G genotype (above) | T | 0.33 |
| SLC6A4 | rs140701 | — | typicalincreased susceptibility to panic disorder and social anxiety disorderincreased susceptibility to panic disorder and social anxiety disorder | T | 0.43 |
| BDNF | rs6265 | — | typical BDNF, referred to as Val/Valsomewhat decreased BDNF, referred to as Val/Met; increased Harm Avoidance;decreased BDNF referred to in studies as Met/Met; increased trait of ‘Harm Avoidance’ some studies show increased risk of panic disorder, anxiety disorders | T | 0.18 |
| FKBP5 | rs1360780 | — | typicaltypical anxiety riskincomplete cortisol recovery and increased anxiety after psychosocial stress | T | 0.31 |
| CHCR1 | rs110402 | — | typical, decreased risk of MDD in non-smokersslightly increased risk of depression in childhood traumaelevated cortisol in people exposed to childhood trauma | G | 0.55 |
| ACCN2 | rs10875995 | — | typicalheightened reactivity, greater amygdala volume, increased risk of panic disorderheightened reactivity to low oxygen (or high CO2), greater amygdala volume, increased risk of panic disorder | C | 0.31 |
| ACCN2 | rs685012 | — | typicalincreased risk of panic disorderincreased risk of panic disorder, heightened reactivity to low oxygen (or high CO2) | C | 0.36 |
| GAD1 | rs3749034 | — | typical, most common genotype; decreased cortical thickness compared to A allele in patients with schizophreniaincreased risk of panic disorder in womenincreased risk of panic disorder in women | A | 0.21 |
Article: Testosterone:
Ashwagandha increases testosterone levels in men who are weight-lifting or doing resistance training. One study showed an average increase in testosterone of about 15%.[ref] In another eight-week placebo-controlled trial of ashwagandha, 300 mg ashwagandha root extract 2x/day increased muscle strength, arm size, and more than tripled testosterone levels.[ref] (Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHBG | rs12150660 | — | typical testosterone levelslower average free testosterone levelsLower average free testosterone higher SHBG levels | G | 0.78 |
| SHBG | rs6258 | — | typical testosteronelower free testosterone, decreased SHBG binding affinity for testosteronelower free testosterone, decreased SHBG binding affinity for testosterone (rare genotype) | T | 0.006 |
| SHBG | rs6259 | — | typical SHBGincreased SHBG levels (less free testosterone available)increased SHBG levels (less free testosterone available) | A | 0.1 |
| SHBG | rs1799941 | — | typical SHBGsomewhat higher SHBG levels, (less free testosterone available)higher SHBG levels less free testosterone available; possibly lower bone mineral density in women | A | 0.23 |
| SHBG | rs727428 | — | typical SHBG levelslower SHBG levels, possibly higher DHT, free testosteronelower SHBG levels, higher DHT levels | T | 0.43 |
| FAM9B | rs5934505 | — | typical (X chromosome, males may have C)(women) intermediate genotypelower average serum and free testosterone levels (X chromosome, males may have T for the genotype) | T | 0.72 |
| FSHB | rs10835638 | — | typical FSHintermediate risk of low follicle-stimulating hormone levelsrisk of low follicle-stimulating hormone levels, reduced free testosterone; increased risk of male infertility | T | 0.06 |
| LIN28B | rs7759938 | — | typical (higher T compared to the minor allele)lower testosterone levels (compared to TT genotype)lower testosterone levels (compared to TT genotype) | C | 0.32 |
Cautions with Ashwagandha:
Article: BChE and Nightshades:
Ashwagandha is a plant in the nightshade family. People with BChE severe mutations (A variant, F variants below) may need to be cautious with nightshades.
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCHE | rs1799807 | — | typicalone copy of the A-variant, may have delayed recovery from succinylcholine (talk with your doctor before surgery); increased risk of leprosytwo copies of A-variant (very rare), severe BChE deficiency (talk with your doctor before surgery) | C | 0.01 |
| BCHE | rs1803274 | — | typicalone copy of the K-variant, decreased BChE, possibly more sensitive to nightshades; increased risk of Parkinson’s with organophosphate exposure, slightly impacts anesthesia, possibly increased risk of breast cancer; increased relative risk of male infertilitytwo copies of the K-variant, 30% decrease in BChE, possibly sensitive to nightshades; increased risk of Parkinson’s with organophosphate exposure; possibly increased risk of breast cancer; increased relative risk of male infertility | T | 0.19 |
| BCHE | rs28933389 | — | typicalincreased risk of post-anesthesia apneaincreased risk of post-anesthesia (succinylcholine) apnea | A | 0.0008 |
| BCHE | rs28933390 | — | typicalincreased risk of post-anesthesia apneaincreased risk of post-anesthesia (succinylcholine) apnea | A | 0.005 |
| BCHE | rs2668207 | — | typicalslightly lower BChE (4-9% lower)lower BChE (>4-9%) | C | 0.04 |
| BCHE | rs1126680 | — | typicallower BChE activity, increased risk of hyperhidrosis when combined with K-variantlower BChE activity, significantly increased risk of hyperhidrosis when combined with K-variant | T | 0.07 |
Additional Articles that reference Ashwagandha:
- Leptin: Ashwagandha, an adaptogenic Ayurvedic herb, appears to be a leptin sensitizer.
- Thyroid: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults with hypothyroidism found that ashwagandha reduced serum TSH levels.[ref]
- Male infertility: Ashwagandha increases sperm count, volume, and motility.[ref]
- Sleep report: For sleep issues due to stress, ashwagandha may help.[ref][ref]
Luteolin research studies – full article here
Luteolin is a flavonoid found in abundance in broccoli, parsley, and celery.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Anti-inflammatory (TNF inhibitor) – Mast cell stabilizer – Neuroprotective, reduces brain fog – Improves intestinal barrier integrity – Improves sleep, reduces histamine |
– Individuals with brain fog that is due to inflammation – Inflammation due to TNF-alpha – People with histamine intolerance or MCAS |
– People with slow COMT function, especially if stacking with methyl donors |
Luteolin may work well for these highlighted variants:
Article: Brain Fog from Inflammation:
While there are multiple causes of brain fog, luteolin may be a good option for anyone with inflammation-related cognitive dysfunction. (Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | rs121909612 | — | typicalcarrier of a rare mutation related to fibrinogen amyloidosismutation related to fibrinogen amyloidosis (very rare, check data accuracy and orientation) | A | 0 |
| SERAPINF | rs8074026 | — | typicalslightly increase venous clotting riskincrease venous clotting risk | T | 0.26 |
| GPX1 | rs1050450 | — | typicalslightly increased risk of brain fog in Long Covid patientsincreased risk of brain fog in Long Covid patients | A | 0.32 |
| GPX1 | rs366631 | — | GSTM1 presentGSTM1 presentdeletion (null) GSTM1 gene, more common genotype in people with Long Covid brain fog | A | 0.78 |
| TLR4 | rs10759931 | — | less likely to have poor cognitive outcomes from mild-Covidless likely to have poor cognitive outcomes from mild-Covidcommon genotype, more likely to have poor cognitive outcomes from mild-Covid[ ref – pre-print] | G | 0.81 |
| HFE | rs1800562 | — | typicalone copy of C282Y, increased ferritin levels, hemochromatosis possible but less likely, check to see if combined with H63D (below) – combo increases the risk of hemochromatosistwo copies of C282Y variant, the most common cause of hereditary hemochromatosis, highest ferritin levels | A | 0.05 |
| HFE | rs1799945 | — | typicalone copy of H63D, somewhat higher ferritin levels, can cause hemochromatosis in conjunction with one copy of C282Y (above)two copies of H63D variant can cause (usually mild) hemochromatosis, increased ferritin levels | G | 0.13 |
Article: Inflammation and TNF alpha:
Luteolin supplementation has been shown to decrease TNF levels in clinical trials.
([ref]Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF | rs1800629 | — | typicalhigher TNF-alpha levels, greater fatigue levels, and a somewhat higher risk of most of the aboveHigher TNF-alpha levels., greater fatigue levels heightened inflammatory response to heavy metals Increased risk of: ulcerative colitis celiac disease ( note ‚ must have HLA type also), septic shock, diabetic foot ulcers, asthma, Hashimoto‚Äôs thyroiditis, skin infections, periodontitis, asthma in children, COPD, stroke, gum disease, heart disease; nasal polyps 3 to 4-fold increase in acne/severe acne risk. | A | 0.15 |
| TNF | rs361525 | — | typicalsomewhat higher TNF-alpha levelshigher TNF-alpha levels, increased risk of psoriasis, asthma, COPD, periodontitis greater severity in cystic fibrosis | A | 0.05 |
| IL8 | rs4073 | — | typicalprobably normal risk of periodontitisincreased IL8, somewhat increased risk of periodontitis, increased risk of gastritis, increased risk of Alzheimer’s (Asians)[ ref, increased risk of diabetic nephropathy | A | 0.5 |
| IL6 | rs1800795 | — | higher risk of gingivitis ( most common allele in many population groups) increased cancer risk (Asian populations) osteoarthritistypical risk of gingivitislower risk of gingivitis (good!) | C | 0.34 |
| IL1B | rs16944 | — | increased risk of septic shock, increased risk of osteoarthritis, RA; increased risk of GERDtypical risktypical risk of septic shock | G | 0.63 |
| IL1B | rs1143634 | — | typicalincreased risk of gingivitisincreased risk of gingivitis | A | 0.22 |
| IL1A | rs1800587 | — | typicalincreased risk of gingivitis, hearing loss, acneincreased IL1A; increased risk of gingivitis, increased risk of periodontitis, significantly increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, increased risk of tinnitus, increased risk of acne, especially with dietary triggers | A | 0.28 |
| IL10 | rs1800896 | — | Common genotype, more likely to have gum disease, increased risk of cirrhosismore likely to have gum diseaseHigher IL-10, less likely to have gum disease (good) | C | 0.45 |
| NLRP3 (CIAS1) | rs35829419 | — | typicalincreased susceptibility to leprosy, colorectal cancer, HIV-1 infection, rheumatoid arthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysms, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and atopic dermatitis; higher blood glucose after glycemic loadSignificantly increased susceptibility to leprosy, colorectal cancer, HIV-1 infection, rheumatoid arthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysms, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and atopic dermatitis higher blood glucose levels after glycemic load higher disease activity in RA; | A | 0.03 |
| HMGB1 | rs1045411 | — | typical C/T: increased sepsis risk, higher HMGB1 levels in infection; increase in relative risk of cancer T/T: increased sepsis risk, higher HMGB1 levels in infection; increase in relative risk of cancer; greater inflammatory responseincreased sepsis risk, higher HMGB1 levels in infection; increase in relative risk of cancerincreased sepsis risk, higher HMGB1 levels in infection; increase in relative risk of cancer; greater inflammatory response | T | 0.23 |
| INFG | rs2430561 | — | more common genotype; generally more interferon-gamma in healthy people (not all studies agree)increased fatigue and sickness behaviorincreased risk of fatigue or sickness behavior increased risk of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis | A | 0.39 |
| MTHFR | rs1801133 | — | typicalone copy of MTHFR C677T allele, enzyme function decreased by 40%two copies of MTHFR C677T, enzyme function decreased by 70 – 80% | A | 0.33 |
| MTHFR | rs366631 | — | GSTM1 presentGSTM1 presentdeletion (null) GSTM1 gene. 2x increased risk of breast cancer, increased susceptibility to lung cancer in smokers, increased risk of prostate cancer in Caucasians, increased risk of lung cancer from radon | A | 0.78 |
| GSTO1 | rs4925 | — | typical (most common);decreased enzyme activity; increased problems with arsenic poisoning; decreased excretion of arsenic in urine increased risk of PCOSincreased skin lesions in arsenic poisoning; decreased excretion of arsenic in urine; increased risk of PCOS | A | 0.3 |
| GSTA1 | rs3957357 | — | typical (GSTA1*A)GSTA1*A/*B, somewhat lower enzyme function.GSTA1*B, low/ non-functioning enzyme; increased relative risk of psychiatric illness | A | 0.38 |
| NFE2L2 | rs6721961 | — | typicalsomewhat diminished Nrf2 expression; more likely to have sperm damage (male infertility) with smoking, increased arterial stiffness in aging, and increased risk of CVDsignificantly diminished Nrf2 expression, increased risk of lung cancer 5X more likely to have sperm damage (male infertility) with smoking, increased arterial stiffness in aging, and increased risk of CVD | T | 0.11 |
| AS3MT | rs11191439 | — | typicalarsenic is more harmfularsenic is more harmful | C | 0.1 |
| NQO1 | rs1800566 | — | typical functionintermediate enzyme function, higher risk of cancer from benzene, increased risk of Parkinson’s from pesticide exposure, increased risk of cataractsNQO1 *2 – non-functioning NQO1, higher risk of cancer from benzene, increased risk of lung cancer in smokers, increased risk of Parkinson’s from pesticide exposure, increased risk of cataracts for outdoor workers | A | 0.2 |
| NQO1 | rs1041740 | — | typicalincreased risk of kidney disease in T1Dsignificantly increased risk for kidney problems in people with diabetes, increased heart disease mortality risk ref ] | T | 0.3 |
| SOD2 | rs5746136 | — | typicalincreased risk of asthma, PCOShigher phthalate metabolite levels, almost 3-fold increased risk of asthma, increased risk of PCOS | T | 0.28 |
Article: Histamine intolerance:
Studies have shown Luteolin to inhibit histamine release from mast cells.[ref](Please read the full histamine intolerance article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOC1 | rs10156191 | — | typicalreduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histaminereduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine | T | 0.26 |
| AOC1 | rs2052129 | — | typical (most common genotype)reduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine; increased risk of urinary tract symptomsreduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine; increased risk of urinary tract symptoms | T | 0.23 |
| AOC1 | rs1049742 | — | typicalreduced production of DAOreduced production of DAO | T | 0.07 |
| AOC1 | rs1049793 | — | typical, highreduced production of DAO (35% reduction)reduced production of DAO (50% reduction) | G | 0.31 |
| AOC1 | rs2071514 | — | typicalpossibly higher DAOpossibly higher DAO | A | 0.19 |
| HNMT | rs1050891 | — | typical; lower risk of hyperactivity in ADHD due to food additivesreduced breakdown of histamine compared to G/Greduced breakdown of histamine compared to G/G | A | 0.79 |
| HNMT | rs11558538 | — | typicalreduced breakdown of histamine, increased risk of asthma (~2 fold)reduced HNMT activity higher histamine levels, increased relative risk of asthma decreased relative risk of Parkinson’s | T | 0.1 |
| HNMT | rs2071048 | — | typicaltypical asthma riskreduced HNMT activity compared to C allele, increased risk of asthma (and higher histamine), common variant | T | 0.58 |
| HDC | rs2073440 | — | typicalReduced HDC, decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (less histamine), reduced risk of chronic heart failureReduced HDC, decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (less histamine), reduced risk of chronic heart failure | G | 0.02 |
| HDC | rs267606861 | — | typicalcarrier of a pathogenic mutation for Tourette’s, reduced HDC (rare)carrier of a pathogenic mutation for Tourette’s, reduced HDC (rare, check data accuracy) | A | 0 |
| HRH1 | rs901865 | — | typicalincreased asthma risk (likely increased HRH1)increased asthma risk (likely increase HRH1) | T | 0.17 |
| HRH2 | rs2067474 | — | typical (more common genotype), higher HRH2, higher risk of CHF, gastritisprotective against chronic heart failure, protective against gastric cancer, and lower risk of gastritisDecreased HRH2; protective against chronic heart failure, protective against gastric cancer, lower risk of gastritis | A | 0.04 |
| HRH4 | rs11662595 | — | typicaldecreased HRH4 activation (receptor dysfunction), increased risk of progression in non-small cell lung cancerdecreased HRH4 activation (receptor dysfunction), increased risk of progression in non-small cell lung cancer | G | 0.09 |
| MTHFR | rs1801133 | — | typicalone copy of MTHFR C677T allele (heterozygous) decreased enzyme function by 40%two copies of MTHFR C677T (homozygous) decreased enzyme function by 70 – 80% | A | 0.33 |
| MTHFR | rs1801131 | — | typicalone copy of MTHFR A1298C (heterozygous), slightly decreased enzymetwo copies of MTHFR A1298C (homozygous), decreased enzyme by about 20% | G | 0.3 |
Cautions with Luteolin:
Article: COMT interaction:
Luteolin is metabolized using the COMT enzyme, so individuals with slow COMT may want to use it with caution and watch for mood changes. This may be more important if taking more than one supplement that utilizes COMT (or at high doses).
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMT | rs4680 | — | Val/Val – fast (higher) COMT activityVal/Met – intermediate COMT activity (most common genotype in Caucasians)Met/Met – slow (40% lower COMT activity) | A | 0.48 |
More articles that reference luteolin:
- Long Covid: Supplemental luteolin or quercetin can block the inflammasome production initiated by activating the toll-like receptors. The researcher suggests combining luteolin, quercetin, and olive oil (for absorption and additional antiviral properties).[ref]
- NAFLD (fatty liver): Luteolin protects against fatty liver by improving intestinal barrier integrity. It also increases microbial diversity in the gut, according to animal studies.[ref]
- Chronic Lyme: A study looked at baicalein and luteolin, combined with either iodine or rosmarinic acid, and found that they may be effective against the typical spirochaete form and persistent forms as well.[ref]
Get the full details on curcumin here.
Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, is a spice used in traditional Indian cuisine and other areas of Asia. It has a long history of use as a spice and in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Anti-inflammatory – Improving depression (if depression is due to inflammation) – Decreasing joint pain in arthritis – Improves cognitive function in middle age – Improves liver markers in NAFLD |
– Individuals with depression that is due to inflammation – Detoxification of mold and mycotoxins – People with chronic migraines |
– People with variants related to oxalates or kidney stones |
Curcumin may work well for:
Article: Mold detoxification:
Curcumin increases the UGT enzymes and upregulates the glucuronidation pathway, essential for mycotoxin elimination.[ref]
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XPC | rs2228001 | — | typicalincreased DNA adducts (risk marker for cancer) with aflatoxin B1 exposure; increased risk of liver cancer with aflatoxin B1 exposureincreased DNA adducts (risk marker for cancer) with aflatoxin B1 exposure increased relative risk of liver cancer with aflatoxin B1 exposure | G | 0.4 |
| CYP1A2 | rs12720461 | — | typicaldecreased activity (carrier of one CYP1A2*1K allele)decreased activity (CYP1A2*1K ) | T | 0.002 |
| CYP1A2 | rs72547517 | — | typicaldecreased activity (carrier of one CYP1A2*8 allele)decreased activity or inactive (CYP1A2*8) | A | 0 |
| CYP1A2 | rs72547515 | — | typicaldecreased activity (carrier of one CYP1A2*16 allele)decreased activity or inactive (CYP1A2*16) | A | 0.00004 |
| CYP3A4 | rs4987161 | — | typicalcarrier of one CYP3A4*17 alleleCYP3A4*17, decreased function of enzyme | G | 0.00006 |
| CYP3A4 | rs4986909 | — | typicalcarrier of one CYP3A4*13 alleleCYP3A4*13, decreased function of the enzyme | A | 0.0001 |
| CYP3A4 | rs2740574 | — | typicalcarrier of one CYP3A4*1B alleleCYP3A4*1B, altered function of the enzyme | C | 0.11 |
| CYP3A4 | rs4986910 | — | typicalcarrier of one CYP3A4*3 alleleCYP3A4*3, decreased function | G | 0.006 |
| CYP3A4 | rs4986907 | — | typicalcarrier of one CYP3A4*15A alleleCYP3A4*15A, decreased function | T | 0.002 |
| CYP3A4 | rs366631 | — | GSTM1 presentGSTM1 presentdeletion (null) GSTM1 gene. increased risk of certain cancers; increased risk of liver cancer with aflatoxin B1 exposure increased risk of liver cancer with high peanut butter consumption (aflatoxins in PB) (note: this is a common genotype in many population groups) | A | 0.78 |
| GSTA1 | rs3957357 | — | GSTA1*AGSTA1*A/*B, somewhat lower enzyme function.GSTA1*B, low/ non-functioning enzyme; increased risk of asthma, allergies, increased risk of kidney disease with ochratoxin A exposure | A | 0.38 |
| GSTP1 | rs1695 | — | typicaltypical riskreduced function, increased risk of certain cancers; increased risk of liver damage with aflatoxin B1 exposure | G | 0.32 |
| SLCO1B1 | rs4149056 | — | typicalincreased risk of liver damage with aflatoxin B1 exposureincreased risk of liver damage with aflatoxin B1 exposure | C | 0.14 |
| ADRA1A | rs1048101 | — | cys/cys lower heart rate variability while lying down; this genotype may have more problems with kidney problems due to patulin (theoretical)typical ADRA1A functionarg/arg (more common genotype in Asians, Africans); greater blood vessel response to stressors; this genotype may have fewer problems with reactions to patulin (theoretical) | G | 0.48 |
| GSDMB (ORMDL3) | rs7216389 | — | typical risk of childhood asthmaincreased risk of childhood asthma, 3-fold increased risk of asthma with known mold exposureincreased risk of childhood asthma 3-fold increased risk of asthma with known mold exposure | T | 0.53 |
| IL13 | rs20541 | — | typicalhigher IgE levels; higher risk of allergies, allergic rhinitis; increased risk of eczema with childhood antibiotic use; increased risk of COPD; increased risk of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (fungal infection of the lung)higher IgE levels; higher risk of allergies, allergic rhinitis (allergies that make your nose run); increased risk of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (fungal infection of the lung) | A | 0.2 |
Article: Migraines:
Curcumin has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines in the brain, including TNF-alpha. A clinical trial found that the combo of curcumin and CoQ10 effectively reduced the number of migraines.[ref][ref](see full article on Migraines):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRPM8 | rs10166942 | — | higher (typical) risk of migraines, less sensitive to coldslightly decreased risk of migrainesdecreased risk of migraines | C | 0.23 |
| TRPV1 | rs8065080 | — | typical receptor function; more likely to have chronic migrainestypical receptor function; more likely to have chronic migraineshigher pain tolerance to cold, heat; less TRPV1 receptor activation less likely to have chronic migraines | C | 0.37 |
| BDNF | rs6265 | — | typical risk of migrainesslightly increased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines | T | 0.18 |
| MMP16 | rs10504861 | — | typical migraine riskreduced risk of migrainereduced risk of migraine | T | 0.21 |
| NNMT | rs694539 | — | decreased migraine risktypical migraine riska 4-fold increase in the risk of migraines in women | T | 0.18 |
| MTHFR | rs1801133 | — | typical risk of migraineslightly increased risk of migrainesslightly increased risk of migraine | A | 0.33 |
| C7orf10 | rs4379368 | — | typical risk of migrainesdecreased risk of migrainesdecreased risk of migraines (Caucasian ancestry) (opposite found in a Chinese population) | T | 0.11 |
| rs2066713 | — | typical risk of migrainesdecreased risk of migrainesdecreased risk of migraines | A | 0.37 | |
| PHACTR1 | rs9349379 | — | typical risk of migrainesincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines | A | 0.61 |
| AOC1 | rs1049793 | — | typicalincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines (reduced DAO enzyme, which breaks down histamine from foods) | G | 0.31 |
| AOC1 | rs10156191 | — | typicalincreased risk of migraines, especially in womenincreased risk of migraines, especially in women (reduced DAO enzyme, which breaks down histamine from foods) | T | 0.26 |
| TNF | rs3093664 | — | typicalincreased risk of menstrual migrainesincreased risk of menstrual migraines (increased inflammatory response) | G | 0.07 |
| TNF | rs1800750 | — | typical risk of migrainesincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines (increased inflammatory response) | A | 0.01 |
| TNF | rs1800629 | — | typicalincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines (increased inflammatory response) | A | 0.15 |
| IL1A | rs17561 | — | typicalincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines (increased inflammatory response) | A | 0.28 |
| KCNK18 | rs869025175 | — | typicalrare mutation, strongly linked to migraines due to a potassium receptor loss-of-function mutationrare mutation, strongly linked to migraines due to a potassium receptor loss-of-function mutation (very rare, check data accuracy) | D | 0.0003 |
| MTDH | rs1835740 | — | typicalincreased risk of migrainesincreased risk of migraines | T | 0.24 |
| LRP1 | rs11172113 | — | typical risk for migrainesslightly decreased risk for migrainesslightly decreased risk for migraines | C | 0.39 |
| NRP1 | rs2506142 | — | typicalincreased risk for menstrual migraines2-fold increased risk of menstrual migraines | G | 0.19 |
| CACNA1A | rs121908225 | — | typicalcarrier of a Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutationFamilial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutation | A | 0 |
| ATP1A2 | rs121918612 | — | typicalcarrier of a Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutationFamilial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutation | A | 0 |
Article: Depression and Inflammation:
A randomized clinical trial showed curcumin (500 mg/2x per day) to be more effective than a placebo for improving depression.[ref]
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF | rs1800629 | — | typical,somewhat higher TNF-alpha levels, increased risk of suicide with depressionHigher TNF-alpha levels., increased risk of suicide in depression | A | 0.15 |
| IL6 | rs1800796 | — | typicaltypicalhigher IL-6; increase depression in response to interferon-alpha treatment | G | 0.92 |
| IL6 | rs1800795 | — | typical risk of depressiontypical risk of depressionhigher risk of depression with stressful life events | C | 0.34 |
| IL6 | rs1800797 | — | typicalincrease depression risk (Chinese populations)higher IL-6; increase depression risk (Chinese populations) | A | 0.36 |
| IL6R | rs4129267 | — | typical risk (or decreased risk when compared to C/C)typical risk (or decreased risk when compared to C/C)increased risk of anxiety, depression | C | 0.62 |
| IL1B | rs16944 | — | typical risktypical riskincreased IL-1B, increased risk of depression with childhood maltreatment (women), earlier onset of geriatric depression, more severe depression due to interpersonal stress | G | 0.63 |
| IDO1 | rs9657182 | — | typical IDO1intermediate effectmore likely to have depression with IFN-alpha treatment | C | 0.41 |
| KMO | rs1053230 | — | more common genotype, higher risk of depressionincreased 3-OH-kynurenine, decreased risk of bipolar with psychosis (good)increased 3-OH-kynurenine, decreased risk of bipolar with psychosis (good) | T | 0.2 |
| INFG | rs2430561 | — | more common genotype; generally more interferon-gamma in healthy people (not all studies agree)less interferon-gamma, less risk of depressionless interferon-gamma, less risk of depression | A | 0.39 |
| PSMB4 | rs2296840 | — | typicalincreased relative risk of depressionincreased relative risk of depression | T | 0.02 |
| TBX21 | rs17244587 | — | typicalincreased relative risk of depressionincreased relative risk of depression | A | 0.08 |
| IL13 | rs1295686 | — | typicalincreased risk of depression with inflammation; increased risk of asthmaincreased risk of depression with inflammation; increased risk of asthma | T | 0.23 |
Cautions with curcumin:
Curcumin may increase oxalate excretion in the urine. People with genetic SNPs that increase susceptibility to kidney stones (or with a history of kidney stones) may want to consult their physician before starting curcumin.
Check your kidney stone variants.
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASR | rs1501899 | — | typicalslightly increased risk of calcium kidney stonesincreased risk of calcium kidney stones, increased risk in those with hyperparathyroidism | A | 0.38 |
| DGKH | rs4142110 | — | typical risk of kidney stonesdecreased risk of kidney stonesdecreased risk of kidney stones | T | 0.62 |
| CLDN14 | rs219780 | — | typicaldecreased risk of kidney stonesdecreased risk of kidney stones, no increased risk of hyperparathyroidism | T | 0.2 |
| UMOD | rs4293393 | — | typicalincreased risk of kidney stones, lower uromodulinlower uromodulin increased risk of kidney disease in diabetes | G | 0.18 |
| GOX1 | rs2235250 | — | typicaltypicalincreased risk of oxalate kidney stones | T | 0.05 |
| AGTX | rs34116584 | — | typicalincreased risk of hyperoxaluria (especially if coupled with another mutation)found in 50% of people with hyperoxaluria | T | 0.13 |
| AGTX | rs121908524 | — | typicalcarrier of a primary hyperoxaluria mutationprimary hyperoxaluria mutation (rare, check data accuracy) | A | 0.00009 |
| AGTX | i5001077 | — | typicalcarrier of a primary hyperoxaluria mutationprimary hyperoxaluria mutation (rare, check data accuracy) | A | 0.00003 |
| AGTX | rs121908527 | — | typicalcarrier of a primary hyperoxaluria mutationprimary hyperoxaluria mutation (rare, check data accuracy) | A | 0.00003 |
| AGTX | rs180177193 | — | typicalcarrier of primary hyperoxaluria likely pathogenic mutationprimary hyperoxaluria likely pathogenic mutation | I | 0 |
| AGTX | rs180177195 | — | typicalcarrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria likely pathogenic mutation | C | 0 |
| AGTX | rs180177197 | — | typicalcarrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria likely pathogenic mutation | C | 0 |
| GRHPR | i5012629 | — | typical (insertion of AAGT)carrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria type 2 | D | 0 |
| GRHPR | rs180177309 | — | typical (insertion of AAGT)carrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria type 2 | D | 0 |
| GRHPR | i5012628 | — | typical (insertion of G)carrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria type 2 | D | 0.0003 |
| GRHPR | rs80356708 | — | typical (insertion of G)carrier of a likely pathogenic mutation for primary hyperoxaluriaprimary hyperoxaluria type 2 | D | 0.0003 |
| SLC26A6 | rs13324142 | — | typicalreduced oxalate transport from the kidney, increased relative risk of kidney stones in people with high oxalate levels30% reduction in oxalate transport from the kidney, increased relative risk of kidney stones in people with high oxalate levels | T | 0.1 |
More articles that reference curcumin:
- Mercury detoxification: Curcumin increases the GLCM, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione production, which is important in mercury detoxification.[ref][ref]
- Fatigue: Curcumin inhibits TNF-alpha production.[ref]
- Diabetes and blood glucose genes: The curcumin-treated group had a decrease in HOMA-IR.[ref]
- PCOS genes: Curcumin decreased blood glucose levels as well as LDL cholesterol.[ref]
- Estrogen metabolism: Curcumin induces the expression of GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase P1), which is important in estrogen metabolism.
- Boosting BDNF: Curcumin reverses the decrease in BDNF levels from chronic stress.[ref]
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Curcumin is beneficial in reducing inflammation in RA.[ref]
- IL-17 and Autoimmune Risk: Curcumin was found to decrease IL-17 (in an animal study).[ref]
- HMGB1 and Inflammasome activation: In animal studies, Curcumin inhibits HMGB1 release.[ref][ref]
- Osteoarthritis: A natural TNF-alpha blocker, curcumin has been shown in several studies to be effective for osteoarthritis.[ref][ref] A clinical trial found that curcumin (500mg / 3x per day) was as effective as diclofenac for osteoarthritis – but with fewer side effects.[ref]
- MRGPRX2 receptor on Mast Cells: Curcumin is likely a MRGPRX2 receptor blocker (animal and cell studies).[ref]
Full article and details on berberine
Berberine is a natural supplement with some amazing research for reducing high blood glucose levels and high cholesterol. The drawback, though, is poor absorption in the intestines, decreasing its effectiveness.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Lowers blood glucose – Improves LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels – Helpful for NAFLD (fatty liver disease) – Improves intestinal barrier function – Beneficial for PCOS |
– Individuals with high LDL due to PCSK9 variants – People with high Lp(a) |
– People on prescription medications that utilize CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (especially if combined with SNPs) -People with G6PD deficiency |
Berberine may work well for:
Article: PCSK9 variant with high LDL cholesterol:
Berberine is a natural inhibitor of PCSK9 and has been shown in human studies[ref][ref] and cell studies[ref] to decrease cholesterol.For someone with variants that increase PCSK9 and increase cholesterol (below), berberine may be beneficial for lowering cholesterol. Talk to your doctor, of course, if you have questions.
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCSK9 | rs11591147 | — | typicaldecreased LDL-cholesterol, 30% lower risk of heart disease average decrease of –14 mg/dL for men, –13 mg/dL for women; less likely to have calcific aortic valve stenosisdecreased LDL-cholesterol, > 30% lower risk of heart disease; | T | 0.01 |
| PCSK9 | rs28362286 | — | typicaldecreased LDL-cholesterol, lower risk of heart disease, decreased fasting glucose levelsdecreased LDL-cholesterol, lower risk of heart disease, decreased fasting glucose levels | A | 0.0003 |
| PCSK9 | rs67608943 | — | typicaldecreased LDL and decreased risk of heart diseasedecreased LDL and decreased risk of heart disease | G | 0.00004 |
| PCSK9 | rs72646508 | — | typicaldecreased LDL and decreased risk of heart diseasedecreased LDL and decreased risk of heart disease | T | 0.0001 |
| PCSK9 | rs505151 | — | typicalincreased LDL, increased risk of coronary artery diseaseincreased LDL, 2-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease | G | 0.04 |
| PCSK9 | rs28942112 | — | typicalgreatly increased LDL, considered pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemiagreatly increased LDL, considered pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemia | C | 0 |
| PCSK9 | rs28942111 | — | typicalgreatly increased LDL, considered pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemiagreatly increased LDL, considered pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemia | A | 0 |
| PCSK9 | i5000370 | — | typicalgreatly increased LDL, carrier of a mutation pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemia (rs28942112)greatly increased LDL, considered pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemia (rs28942112) | C | 0 |
Article: Lipoprotein(a):
Berberine has been shown to decrease cholesterol levels as well as decrease Lp(a) levels.[ref][ref](Be sure to read the full article on Lp(a) if you have either of the first two variants.)
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LPA | rs3798220 | — | typical; average Lp(a) of 10 mg/dL (women)higher Lp(a) levels; increased risk for heart disease, increased risk of aortic stenosis; average Lp(a) of 79.5 mg/dL (women)higher Lp(a) levels; increased risk for heart disease – 3.7x risk of aortic stenosis average Lp(a) of 153 mg/dL (women) increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular death in women | C | 0.02 |
| LPA | rs10455872 | — | typicallikely elevated Lp(a), increased risk for heart diseaselikely elevated Lp(a), increased risk for heart disease – 2x risk of aortic stenosis | G | 0.06 |
| LPA | rs6415084 | — | typicalhigher Lp(a) levels, increased risk of heart disease (Chinese population group)higher Lp(a) levels, increased risk of heart disease (Chinese population group), no increased risk in Iranian or European Caucasian populations | T | 0.47 |
| LPA | rs6919346 | — | typicalpossibly decreased Lp(a)decreased Lp(a) | T | 0.16 |
| LPA | rs41272114 | — | typicallower Lp(a)lower Lp(a) 5.25mg/dl lower Lp(a) | T | 0.03 |
| LPA | rs143431368 | — | typicallower Lp(a)lower Lp(a) | C | 0.002 |
Cautions with berberine:
- Berberine uses CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes for metabolism. Thus, it may interact with medications that also use those enzymes. If you are on prescription medications, talk with your doctor before adding in a bunch of berberine.
- Check your CYP2D6 genetic variants and check your CYP3A4 variants here.
- The interaction with berberine may be important if you have slower CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 function – along with taking a medication that utilizes these enzymes.
Researchers also caution that people with G6PD deficiency may have side effects from berberine.
Your G6PD gene variants (full article):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G6PD | rs1050828 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrier (A- variant, usually milder)G6PD deficiency (2 copies, A variant) | T | 0.006 |
| G6PD | rs5030868 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency (Mediterranean variant) | A | 0.001 |
| G6PD | rs72554664 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency (Kaiping variant) | T | 0.00007 |
| G6PD | rs72554665 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency (Canton variant) | T | 0 |
| G6PD | i3003411 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency (Chatham variant) | T | 0.00009 |
| G6PD | rs5030869 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency (Chatham variant) | T | 0.00009 |
| G6PD | i5008436 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency | T | 0.0001 |
| G6PD | rs137852327 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency | T | 0.0001 |
| G6PD | i5008440 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency | A | 0 |
| G6PD | rs137852330 | — | typicalG6PD deficiency carrierG6PD deficiency | A | 0 |
More articles that reference berberine:
- NAFLD: Berberine (500mg, 3x per day) resulted in a more significant decrease in liver fat and a greater reduction in weight, HOMAR-IR, and lipid profiles.[ref]
- PCOS: Several randomized clinical trials have found that berberine is as effective as metformin for PCOS.[ref][ref]
- SCD1 and metabolism: Berberine decreases SCD1 levels and decreases fatty liver in animal studies.[ref][ref]
- Leptin: Improved leptin ratios and decreased BMI after three months of berberine (300mg/3x per day).[ref]
- Psoriasis: Berberine decreases psoriasis symptoms when used topically.[ref][ref]
Detailed article on quercetin here.
Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that acts as both an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. It is found in low levels in many fruits and vegetables, including elderberries, apples, and onions.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Decreases oxidative stress – Reduces blood pressure – Inhibits mast cell activation – Decreases uric acid – Fights upper respiratory infections |
– Individuals with histamine intolerance SNPs – Someone who wants to prevent gout – Individuals looking for natural ways to lower blood pressure |
– People on with slow COMT function who are also taking methyl donor supplements |
Quercetin may work well for:
Article: Histamine intolerance:
Quercetin stabilizes mast cells and inhibits histamine release.[ref]Histamine intolerance genes (Please read the full article for details):
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOC1 | rs10156191 | — | typicalreduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histaminereduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine | T | 0.26 |
| AOC1 | rs2052129 | — | typical (most common genotype)reduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine; increased risk of urinary tract symptomsreduced production of DAO, increased risk of migraines due to histamine; increased risk of urinary tract symptoms | T | 0.23 |
| AOC1 | rs1049742 | — | typicalreduced production of DAOreduced production of DAO | T | 0.07 |
| AOC1 | rs1049793 | — | typical, highreduced production of DAO (35% reduction)reduced production of DAO (50% reduction) | G | 0.31 |
| AOC1 | rs2071514 | — | typicalpossibly higher DAOpossibly higher DAO | A | 0.19 |
| HNMT | rs1050891 | — | typical; lower risk of hyperactivity in ADHD due to food additivesreduced breakdown of histamine compared to G/Greduced breakdown of histamine compared to G/G | A | 0.79 |
| HNMT | rs11558538 | — | typicalreduced breakdown of histamine, increased risk of asthma (~2 fold)reduced HNMT activity higher histamine levels, increased relative risk of asthma decreased relative risk of Parkinson’s | T | 0.1 |
| HNMT | rs2071048 | — | typicaltypical asthma riskreduced HNMT activity compared to C allele, increased risk of asthma (and higher histamine), common variant | T | 0.58 |
| HDC | rs2073440 | — | typicalReduced HDC, decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (less histamine), reduced risk of chronic heart failureReduced HDC, decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (less histamine), reduced risk of chronic heart failure | G | 0.02 |
| HDC | rs267606861 | — | typicalcarrier of a pathogenic mutation for Tourette’s, reduced HDC (rare)carrier of a pathogenic mutation for Tourette’s, reduced HDC (rare, check data accuracy) | A | 0 |
| HRH1 | rs901865 | — | typicalincreased asthma risk (likely increased HRH1)increased asthma risk (likely increase HRH1) | T | 0.17 |
| HRH2 | rs2067474 | — | typical (more common genotype), higher HRH2, higher risk of CHF, gastritisprotective against chronic heart failure, protective against gastric cancer, and lower risk of gastritisDecreased HRH2; protective against chronic heart failure, protective against gastric cancer, lower risk of gastritis | A | 0.04 |
| HRH4 | rs11662595 | — | typicaldecreased HRH4 activation (receptor dysfunction), increased risk of progression in non-small cell lung cancerdecreased HRH4 activation (receptor dysfunction), increased risk of progression in non-small cell lung cancer | G | 0.09 |
| MTHFR | rs1801133 | — | typicalone copy of MTHFR C677T allele (heterozygous) decreased enzyme function by 40%two copies of MTHFR C677T (homozygous) decreased enzyme function by 70 – 80% | A | 0.33 |
| MTHFR | rs1801131 | — | typicalone copy of MTHFR A1298C (heterozygous), slightly decreased enzymetwo copies of MTHFR A1298C (homozygous), decreased enzyme by about 20% | G | 0.3 |
Article: Gout genes:
A clinical trial using 500mg/day of quercetin for four weeks found that it decreased uric acid by 26·5 µmol/l on average.[ref]
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABCG2 | rs2231142 | — | typicalincreased risk of gout, higher uric acid levels, doesn’t respond as well to allopurinolsignificantly increased risk of gout, higher uric acid levels; doesn’t respond as well to allopurinol | T | 0.1 |
| ABCG2 | rs72552713 | — | typicalincreased risk of gout, higher uric acid levelssignificantly increased risk of gout, higher uric acid levels | A | 0.0003 |
| SLC2A9 | rs6449213 | — | most common genotypedecreased risk for goutdecreased risk for gout, decreased uric acid levels | C | 0.19 |
| SLC2A9 | rs7442295 | — | most common genotypedecreased risk for goutdecreased risk for gout, decreased uric acid levels | G | 0.22 |
| SLC2A9 | rs12510549 | — | most common genotypedecreased risk for goutdecreased risk for gout, decreased uric acid levels | C | 0.2 |
| SLC2A9 | rs12498742 | — | most common genotypedecreased risk for goutdecreased risk for gout | G | 0.29 |
| SLC2A9 | rs16890979 | — | typicaldecreased risk of goutdecreased risk of gout | T | 0.23 |
| SLC2A9 | rs1014290 | — | most common genotypeslightly decreased serum uric aciddecreased serum uric acid | G | 0.25 |
| SLC2A9 | rs10805346 | — | most common genotypeslightly decreased serum uric aciddecreased serum uric acid | T | 0.54 |
| SLC22A12 | rs475688 | — | higher risk of gout (most common genotype)intermediate risk of goutlowest risk of gout | T | 0.74 |
| GCKR | rs780094 | — | lower risk of goutlower risk of gouthigher risk of gout | T | 0.4 |
| SLC28A2 | rs2271437 | — | typicalincreased risk of gout (watch for high dietary purines)increased risk of gout (watch for high dietary purines) | G | 0.002 |
Precautions with Quercetin:
COMT interaction:
Quercetin has a catechol structure and is partly metabolized through the COMT enzyme. If you carry the slower version of COMT, you may want to be careful and not go overboard with quercetin. This may be more important if taking more than one supplement that utilizes COMT (or at high doses).
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMT | rs4680 | — | Val/Val – fast (higher) COMT activityVal/Met – intermediate COMT activity (most common genotype in Caucasians)Met/Met – slow (40% lower COMT activity) | A | 0.48 |
More articles that reference quercetin:
- Alopecia Areata: Animal and cell studies show quercetin stopped hair loss in AA.[ref][ref]
- NLRP3 inflammasome activation: Quercetin inhibits NLRP3 activation in cell and animal studies.[ref]
- Fatigue: Quercetin significantly inhibits IL-1β production.[ref]
- Inflammation and Depression: Animal studies show that quercetin effectively reduces depression and anxiety behavior.[ref][ref]
- Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Genes: Quercetin stabilizes mast cells and inhibits histamine release.[ref]
- APOE and Alzheimer’s Risk: Researchers theorize that oxidative stress contributes to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Animal and cell studies show that quercetin can protect against oxidative stress in the brain and partially prevent the associated neuronal toxicity.[ref]
- Sirt3, Aging, and Mitochondrial Function: Quercetin also has beneficial effects in part through the SIRT3 pathway.[ref][ref]
- Lipedema: Quercetin is another antioxidant supplement that researchers suggest as being a likely candidate to help with lipedema.[ref]
- Nickel Allergy: In patients with known nickel allergies, quercetin supplements for three days before nickel contact decreased their reaction by more than 50%.[ref]
- Cold Sores: Quercetin has been shown in cell studies to lower herpes simplex virus infectivity.[ref]
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Decreases inflammatory cytokines – Reduces neuroinflammation – Better vascular function – Enhances immune response |
– Individuals with slow COMT wanting a natural anti-inflammatory – Someone who wants to prevent gout – Individuals looking for natural ways to lower blood pressure |
– People with CYP2C9 variants if taking other medications that utilize this enzyme |
Hesperidin may work well for:
Article: Increased TNF-alpha:
Hesperidin, a natural flavonoid from citrus fruits, inhibits the release of TNF-alpha.[ref]
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF | rs1800629 | — | typicalsomewhat higher TNF-alpha levels – see aboveHigher TNF-alpha levels. Increased risk of: ulcerative colitis celiac disease (note – must have HLA type also), septic shock, diabetic foot ulcers, asthma, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, skin infections, periodontitis, asthma in children, COPD, gum disease, heart disease; nasal polyps sleep apnea Lower risk of: Malaria (half the risk), tuberculosis osteoporosis, stroke | A | 0.15 |
| TNF | rs361525 | — | typicalsomewhat higher TNF-alpha levelshigher TNF-alpha levels, increased risk of psoriasis, asthma, COPD, periodontitis greater severity in cystic fibrosis | A | 0.05 |
| TNF | rs1799964 | — | typical – generally not at higher risk for inflammatory diseasessomewhat higher TNF-alpha levels(usually) higher TNF-alpha levels, increased risk of IBD, lupus, gum disease | C | 0.21 |
| TNF | rs1799724 | — | typical – generally not at higher risk for inflammatory diseasessomewhat higher TNF-alpha levels(generally) higher TNF-alpha levels, increased risk of periodontitis greater severity in cystic fibrosis | T | 0.12 |
| TNF | rs1800610 | — | typicalsomewhat lower TNF-alpha; decreased risk of developing sepsis, increased risk hep B, leprosylower TNF-alpha, decreased risk of developing sepsis; increased risk of hepatitis B infection, increased risk of leprosy | A | 0.08 |
| TNFRSF1A | rs1800693 | — | typical, better response to anti-TNF drugsslightly increased risk of MSincrease risk of multiple sclerosis increased NF-kB signaling | C | 0.39 |
| TNFRSF1A | rs767455 | — | typicalincreased risk of inflammatory diseases.increased risk of Crohn’s disease; increased risk of MS | C | 0.42 |
| TNFRSF1B | rs1061622 | — | typicalincreased risk of psoriasis, increased risk of lupusmore severe pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis; increased risk of psoriasis, more likely to be a non-responder to anti-TNF therapy; increased risk of lupus – especially for smokers | G | 0.23 |
Article: Lupus:
Blocking TNF may benefit lupus patients with specific variants.
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-DQA1 | rs2187668 | — | typicallikely to carry one copy of HLA-DRB1*0301, 2-fold increased risk of lupuslikely to carry two copies of DRB1*0301, >2-fold increased risk of lupus | T | 0.11 |
| TNXB | rs1150754 | — | typical2-fold increased risk of lupus2-fold increased risk of lupus | T | 0.12 |
| BLK | rs13277113 | — | typicalincreased risk of lupusincreased risk of lupus | A | 0.26 |
| BLK | rs2248932 | — | typical2-fold increased risk of lupusincreased risk of lupus | A | 0.36 |
| TNF | rs1800629 | — | typicalincreased TNF-alpha,increased TNF-alpha, increased risk of lupus (European but not African populations) | A | 0.15 |
| TNFAIP3 | rs5029939 | — | typicalincreased risk of lupus in the European populationincreased risk of lupus (>2-fold) in the European population | G | 0.07 |
| STAT4 | rs7574865 | — | typical riskincreased risk of discoid lupusincreased risk of discoid lupus | T | 0.22 |
| STAT4 | rs10181656 | — | typical riskincreased risk of lupusincreased risk of lupus | G | 0.21 |
| IRF5 | rs10954213 | — | typical riskincreased risk of lupusincreased risk of lupus | A | 0.59 |
| IRF5 | rs3807306 | — | typical riskincreased risk of lupusincreased risk of lupus (African and Caucasian populations) | T | 0.46 |
| IRF8 | rs2280381 | — | typical risktypical risk of lupussignificantly decreased risk of lupus | C | 0.36 |
| IFIH1 | rs1990760 | — | typicalincreased IFIH1, decreased risk of several RNA viruses, increased risk of lupusincreased IFIH1, decreased risk of several RNA viruses increased risk of lupus | T | 0.43 |
| TLR7 | rs179010 | — | typicalincreased TLR7, increased relative risk of lupusincreased TLR7, increased relative risk of lupus | T | 0.3 |
| SLC15A4 | rs1385374 | — | typicalincreased relative risk of lupusincreased relative risk of lupus | T | 0.1 |
| CD40LG | rs1126535 | — | typicalincreased relative risk of lupus, higher CD40L levelsincreased relative risk of lupus, higher CD40L levels | C |
Cautions with hesperidin:
Hesperetin is an inhibitor of CYP2C9. If you have variants below, read more here, and then use caution when combining with medications that are metabolized through that pathway.
CYP2C9 gene variants:
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYP2C9 | rs1799853 | — | typicalOne copy of CYP2C9*2, reduced activity, decreased ibuprofen clearanceCYP2C9*2 ‚ slow metabolizer; 40% reduction in warfarin metabolism; decreased ibuprofen clearance | T | 0.1 |
| CYP2C9 | rs1057910 | — | typicalOne copy of CYP2C9*3, reduced activity; 40% reduction in warfarin metabolism, decreased ibuprofen clearanceCYP2C9*3 ‚ poor metabolizer; 80% reduction in warfarin metabolism; slower metabolism of THC (cannabis); 2.7-fold longer half-life of celecoxib, may need altered dose; decreased ibuprofen clearance altered Efavirenz efficacy | C | 0.06 |
| CYP2C9 | rs2256871 | — | typicalOne copy of CYP2C9*9, reduced enzyme activityCYP2C9*6 ‚ poor metabolizer | G | 0.006 |
| CYP2C9 | rs9332131 | — | typicalOne copy of CYP2C9*6, reduced enzyme activityCYP2C9*9 ‚ poor metabolizer | D | 0.0003 |
| CYP2C9 | rs28371685 | — | typicalOne CYP2C9*11 allele, reduced enzyme activityCYP2C9*11 ‚ poor metabolizer | T | 0.002 |
More articles that reference hesperidin:
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Hesperidin inhibits inflammation by blocking the release of TNF-alpha.[ref]
- Advanced Glycation End Products: Hesperidin can help upregulate glyoxalase 1, which may be helpful with AGEs. It does this by activating the Nrf2 pathway.[ref]
- Lipedema: A metabolite of hesperidin is recommended by researchers for lipedema, but there aren’t clinical trials on it yet.[ref][ref]
- Flu season: Hesperidin has been shown in several cell studies to inhibit the replication of influenza A. However, there aren’t any clinical trials of hesperidin for the flu.[ref]
Detailed article on Nattokinase
A natural component of Japanese Natto, nattokinase is an enzyme that helps to break down blood clots. The full article is full of references and clinical trial data on nattokinase.
| Key Benefits | Who May Benefit | Who Should Use Caution |
|---|---|---|
| – Helps to break down clots | – Individuals with elevated fibrinogen | – People on blood thinners, talk with your doctor if on medications |
Consider nattokinase for:
Article: Elevated Fibrinogen:
Nattokinase may be something to consider for anyone with variants related to higher fibrinogen levels
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | rs6050 | — | typicaltypical risk of stroke; increased risk of DVTincreased risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, more resistance to anticoagulation therapy; increased risk of stroke (2-fold); increased risk of DVT; higher D-dimer levels | C | 0.26 |
| FGA | rs2070022 | — | typicaldecreased fibrinogen levelsdecreased fibrinogen levels | A | 0.18 |
| FGB | rs1800790 | — | typicalincreased fibrinogen levels, a higher relative risk of stroke, heart diseaseincreased fibrinogen levels; increased stroke risk; increased risk of heart disease | A | 0.18 |
| FGB | rs1800787 | — | typicalincreased risk of ischemic stroke, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased fibrinogenincreased risk of ischemic stroke; increased risk of cardiovascular disease increased fibrinogen levels, exacerbated by inflammation (IL-6) | T | 0.2 |
| FGB | rs1800789 | — | typicalincreased fibrinogen levels, exacerbated by IL6increased fibrinogen levels; exacerbated by inflammation (IL-6) | A | 0.2 |
| FGG | rs2066865 | — | typicaltypical risk for DVT; somewhat increased fibrinogenincreased fibrinogen; increased risk for DVT | A | 0.23 |
| FGG | rs2066860 | — | typicalincreased triglycerides, part of a haplotype linked with DVTincreased triglycerides, part of a haplotype linked with DVT | T | 0.03 |
Article: Small fiber neuropathy:
Clotting and microclots may factor in small fiber neuropathy.
| Gene | RS ID | Your Genotype | Notes for Your Genotype | Effect allele | Effect allele frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCN9A | rs6746030 | — | typicalbetter response to an analgesic ointment that targets Nav1.7better response to an analgesic ointment that targets Nav1.7; increased risk of arthritis pain, back pain (lumbar disc), and phantom pain | A | 0.12 |
| SCN9A | rs4369876 | — | typicalmore sensitive to pain, increased risk of small fiber neuropathymore sensitive to pain, increased risk of small fiber neuropathy | A | 0.009 |
| SCN9A | rs74449889 | — | typicalincreased risk of neuropathic painincreased risk of neuropathic pain | G | 0.005 |
| SCN9A | rs80356470 | — | typical(rare) primary erythromelalgia(rare) primary erythromelalgia | T | 0 |
| SCN9A | rs182650126 | — | typical(rare) increased risk of neuropathy pain(rare) increased risk of neuropathy pain | C | 0.003 |
| SCN10A | rs6795970 | — | typicaltypicalaccelerated inactivation with reduced repetitive firing of nerve; higher pain threshold; decreased pain in inflammatory bowel disease; atropine likely not to increase heart rate | A | 0.37 |
| SCN10A | rs12632942 | — | typicaltypicallower pain threshold more likely to neuropathy with oxaliplatin (chemotherapy) | G | 0.24 |
| SCN10A | rs151090729 | — | typical(rare mutation) hyperexcitable NaV1.8; increased risk of small fiber neuropathy(rare mutation) hyperexcitable NaV1.8; increased risk of small fiber neuropathy | T | 0.0008 |
| SCN11A | rs138607170 | — | typicalrare mutation, familial episodic pain syndrome, hereditary autonomic neuropathyrare mutation, familial episodic pain syndrome, hereditary autonomic neuropathy | A | 0.00003 |
| SCN11A | rs483352921 | — | typicalrare mutation, episodic pain syndromerare mutation, episodic pain syndrome | C | 0 |
| SCN11A | rs483352920 | — | typicalrare mutation, congenital insensitivity to painrare mutation, congenital insensitivity to pain | G | 0 |
| SCN11A | rs141686175 | — | typicalrare mutation, increased nerve firing, pain, and neuropathyrare mutation, increased nerve firing, pain, and neuropathy | G | 0.0005 |
| TRPV1 | rs8065080 | — | more common genotype in Caucasians, Africans; increased risk of painful knee osteoarthritis; less pain tolerance to pinpricktypicalmore common genotype in Asian populations; higher pain tolerance to pinprick and cold | C | 0.37 |
Cautions with Nattokinase:
Please be sure to talk with your doctor if you are already on any anticoagulant or heart-related medications before taking nattokinase. Additionally, nattokinase is derived from natto, which is fermented. It is possible that people with histamine-related issues could notice an increase in histamine from nattokinase.
More articles that reference nattokinase:
- Factor V Leiden: A Mutation in factor V increases the risk of aberrant clotting and DVTs.
Read the full CoQ10 article
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About the Author:
Debbie Moon is a biologist, engineer, author, and the founder of Genetic Lifehacks where she has helped thousands of members understand how to apply genetics to their diet, lifestyle, and health decisions. With more than 10 years of experience translating complex genetic research into practical health strategies, Debbie holds a BS in engineering from Colorado School of Mines and an MSc in biological sciences from Clemson University. She combines an engineering mindset with a biological systems approach to explain how genetic differences impact your optimal health.
Debbie Moon is a biologist, engineer, author, and the founder of Genetic Lifehacks where she has helped thousands of members understand how to apply genetics to their diet, lifestyle, and health decisions. With more than 10 years of experience translating complex genetic research into practical health strategies, Debbie holds a BS in engineering from Colorado School of Mines and an MSc in biological sciences from Clemson University. She combines an engineering mindset with a biological systems approach to explain how genetic differences impact your optimal health.